{"id":4204,"date":"2024-11-13T11:07:29","date_gmt":"2024-11-13T10:07:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mariaclaraames.com\/business-and-economic-ethics\/"},"modified":"2025-04-26T10:20:49","modified_gmt":"2025-04-26T09:20:49","slug":"business-and-economic-ethics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mariaclaraames.com\/en\/business-and-economic-ethics\/","title":{"rendered":"Business and economic ethics"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O papel decisivo do ser humano e das rela\u00e7\u00f5es organizacionais com diferentes stakeholders \u00e9 o tema do livro de Ignacio Ferrero (2021), intitulado &#8220;<em>\u00c9tica de la actividad econ\u00f3mica y empresarial<\/em>&#8220;. Esses s\u00e3o elementos cruciais da \u00e9tica empresarial, como se apresenta a seguir.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Introduction<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No livro <em>\u00c9tica de la actividad econ\u00f3mica y empresarial<\/em>, publicado em 2021 pela editora EUNSA, Ignacio Ferrero re\u00fane conceitos centrais de \u00e9tica empresarial. O autor enfatiza o \u00e2mbito humano da \u00e9tica empresarial e as rela\u00e7\u00f5es corporativas com stakeholders (grupos de interesse). Por ser uma publica\u00e7\u00e3o em espanhol, \u00e9 oportuno apresentar uma resenha sobre o livro.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tal obra apresenta assuntos essenciais sobre a \u00e9tica na pr\u00e1tica, o que est\u00e1 em jogo em decis\u00f5es e como as a\u00e7\u00f5es individuais influenciam no aperfei\u00e7oamento ou crescimento moral. Mais ainda, discute raz\u00f5es para se buscar o bem e caracter\u00edsticas de uma governan\u00e7a corporativa baseada na rela\u00e7\u00e3o com stakeholders.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A t\u00edtulo informativo, Ignacio Ferrero \u00e9 Professor de \u00c9tica Empresarial na Universidade de Navarra (Pamplona, Espanha), onde tamb\u00e9m atuou como Diretor do Departamento de Economia e Neg\u00f3cios. Com forma\u00e7\u00e3o em Economia e Filosofia, tem sido um dos autores mais contributivos de \u00e9tica das virtudes. E tem publicado ou editado dezenas de artigos e livros, como o <em>Handbook of Virtue Ethics in Business and Management<\/em> e <em>Business Ethics: A Virtue Ethics and Common Good Approach<\/em>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. ethics as a condition for balance<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O cap\u00edtulo 1, <em>\u00e9tica como condi\u00e7\u00e3o de equil\u00edbrio<\/em>, aborda a \u00e9tica pessoal e as dimens\u00f5es da \u00e9tica emprerarial. Baseia-se na no\u00e7\u00e3o teleol\u00f3gica de que a natureza humana se inclina para alcan\u00e7ar seu fim \u00faltimo, a felicidade. A \u00e9tica \u00e9 entendida como a ci\u00eancia que estuda a a\u00e7\u00e3o humana e sua orienta\u00e7\u00e3o para o bem, permitindo que as pessoas aperfei\u00e7oem sua natureza.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Next, the chapter presents perspectives that seek to explain the reasons for being ethical: based on circumstances (circumstantialism), based on consequences or results (consequentialism), based on norms and rules (normativism) and based on character growth (virtue ethics).  <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Finally, he lists the dimensions of business ethics: individual, managerial, organizational and social, highlighting that &#8220;the ethics of economic and business activity must start from an adequate analysis of personal ethics&#8221; (Ferrero, 2021, p. 17).  <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. The ethics of human action<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The ethics of human action deals with how a moral action should be examined. The author explains that through moral judgment people make decisions, distinguishing between two types of judgment:   <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Judgment of choice (which occurs before action): this practical judgment is supported by prudence &#8211; which takes into account values, principles and technical knowledge &#8211; as well as practical knowledge &#8211; moral experience and interpretation.  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ju\u00edzo de reflex\u00e3o: trata-se de um julgamento em que a prud\u00eancia, iluminada pela consci\u00eancia e facilitada por virtudes, permite analisar circunst\u00e2ncias e eleger.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Em uma a\u00e7\u00e3o espec\u00edfica, por exemplo, podemos examinar as inten\u00e7\u00f5es do agente, as circunst\u00e2ncias e as consequ\u00eancias envolvidas e o objeto substantivo da a\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Common ethical issues in business<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A \u00e9tica empresarial n\u00e3o est\u00e1 livre de cr\u00edticas e problemas. Isso \u00e9 contemplado no cap\u00edtulo 3, no qual o autor descreve dilemas \u00e9ticos empresariais. Entre eles, aponta para a \u00e9tica em jogo (ou a falta dela) em contratos, apropria\u00e7\u00e3o indevida, informa\u00e7\u00e3o confidencial, conflitos de interesse, dela\u00e7\u00f5es, contabilidade criativa (manipula\u00e7\u00f5es cont\u00e1beis), suborno e extor\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Organizational purpose and governance models<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para conter tais problemas h\u00e1 de se seguir um prop\u00f3sito mediante uma governan\u00e7a alinhada com ele, o que se discute no cap\u00edtulo 4. Nele, o autor problematiza o prop\u00f3sito da empresa frente aos interesses de acionistas e demais stakeholders.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A princ\u00edpio, h\u00e1 tr\u00eas modelos de governan\u00e7a: o modelo de shareholder, ou centrado nos acionistas; depois o modelo de stakeholders, o qual atenta para interesses de diferentes grupos; e, por fim, o modelo que considera a empresa como cidad\u00e3 corporativa.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Em tais modelos, fica evidente a import\u00e2ncia das fun\u00e7\u00f5es de diretores e l\u00edderes. Lideran\u00e7a e boa comunica\u00e7\u00e3o, portanto, s\u00e3o vistas como compet\u00eancias essenciais da governan\u00e7a corporativa.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Ethical policies in the company<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Chapter 5 &#8211; Ethical policies in the company &#8211; highlights the elements of corporate culture and organizational culture.  <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ethical policies involve formalized aspects, such as a statement of values, codes of conduct, ethics and compliance committees, a code of good governance, communication and training systems, which are part of the corporate culture.  <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A cultura organizacional, por sua vez, representa a \u00e9tica como \u00e9 praticada ou como de fato as coisas s\u00e3o realizadas.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Company and internal stakeholders<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Chegando ao sexto cap\u00edtulo, encontramos o tema da empresa em rela\u00e7\u00e3o aos seus stakeholders internos, os empregados. Nesse contexto interno, o autor reconhece que o trabalho dos empregados pode gerar bens subjetivos, objetivos e sociais. Destaca, ainda, o aspecto motivacional do trabalho.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sobre o assunto, Ferrero (2021) sugere que as motiva\u00e7\u00f5es humanas intr\u00ednsecas, transcendentes e direcionadas para o bem dos outros podem superar motiva\u00e7\u00f5es materiais, individualistas e extr\u00ednsecas.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. Company and external stakeholders  <\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In chapters 7 and 8, the author discusses the role of the company in relation to external stakeholders, exploring sensitive issues concerning consumers, the government and society.  <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On the former, it addresses consumer rights and marketing actions, involving topics such as responsible marketing vs. illegal forms of marketing. To illustrate, it discusses different types of <em>dumping<\/em> (unfair pricing policies) practiced by companies.   <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 governo e sociedade, discute princ\u00edpios centrais da rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre eles. No elenco de tais princ\u00edpios est\u00e3o o bem comum, subsidiariedade, solidariedade e a participa\u00e7\u00e3o. Tais princ\u00edpios permitem examinar quest\u00f5es como: a eticidade da cobran\u00e7a de impostos, de investimentos privados e de estrat\u00e9gias empresariais como o deslocamenteo da produ\u00e7\u00e3o da empresa para outro pa\u00eds.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclus\u00e3o<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O livro de Ferrero (2021) oferece um entendimento pr\u00e1tico da \u00e9tica empresarial. Al\u00e9m de apresentar de forma acess\u00edvel as perspectivas \u00e9ticas cl\u00e1ssicas, tamb\u00e9m ilustra os dilemas marcantes que ocorrem para os agentes de mercado. Acredito que sintetiza um retrospecto de experiencia te\u00f3rica e pr\u00e1tica do autor.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c9 uma fonte recomend\u00e1vel para estudantes, gestores e l\u00edderes, pois fornece um panorama das quest\u00f5es-chave sobre decis\u00f5es e dilemas \u00e9ticos empresariais.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Finalmente, o autor mostra que o \u00e2mbito individual \u00e9 essencial para entender a \u00e9tica nas organiza\u00e7\u00f5es, para ent\u00e3o abranger cultura organizacional e rela\u00e7\u00f5es com stakeholders. Al\u00e9m disso, indica fatores a serem considerados no julgamento e decis\u00f5es. Por fim e, n\u00e3o menos importante, destaca quest\u00f5es \u00e9ticas envolvidas na rela\u00e7\u00e3o com diferentes stakeholders.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Refer\u00eancias<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ferrero, I. (2021). <em>\u00c9tica de la actividad econ\u00f3mica y empresarial<\/em>. Pamplona, Espa\u00f1a, Eunsa, 133 p. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>O papel decisivo do ser humano e das rela\u00e7\u00f5es organizacionais com diferentes stakeholders \u00e9 o tema do livro de Ignacio Ferrero (2021), intitulado &#8220;\u00c9tica de la actividad econ\u00f3mica y empresarial&#8220;. Esses s\u00e3o elementos cruciais da \u00e9tica empresarial, como se apresenta a seguir. Introduction No livro \u00c9tica de la actividad econ\u00f3mica y empresarial, publicado em 2021&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4210,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,64],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4204","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-etica-empresarial","category-reading-tips"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Business and economic ethics - Maria Clara Ames<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Review of the book \u00c9tica de la Actividad Econ\u00f3mica y Empresarial, dealing with stakeholder relations, dilemmas and decision-making.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mariaclaraames.com\/en\/business-and-economic-ethics\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Business and economic ethics - 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